University of Richmond

Westhampton Lake as seen from the Student Commons

Architect: Cram and Ferguson, architect; Carneal and Johnston, associate architect; Warren Manning Associates, landscape architect.
Date: 1914
Address: 28 Westhampton Way 

Many Richmond commercial and residential areas developed westward after the installation of electric streetcars in 1888. The University of Richmond, which was located near the intersection of today’s Lombardy and Grace streets, established a sprawling, 200-acre suburban campus at the terminus of the Westhampton trolley line. The move allowed for the introduction of a women’s campus as well as expansive new sports facilities. The Boston architecture firm of Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson attempted to establish a cloister-like environment in the Gothic Revival style. This approach had already garnered the firm praise for its designs at the United States Military Academy at West Point and at Princeton University. For the Richmond campus, however, due to budget restrictions, the firm substituted brick and cast concrete where it would have preferred to use stone. Cram completed eight initial buildings including Ryland Hall, the refectory, the stadium, Jeter and Richmond dormitories, North Court (the woman’s Westhampton College), the power plant and Millhiser Gymnasium. With World War I occurring soon after the campus was completed, however, construction was halted for a number of years and the Cram firm never returned.

Over the ensuing decades, planners and architects strayed from Cram’s vision of a cloister-like monastery in the wooded countryside: Instead they created a more picturesque setting with Westhampton Lake as the centerpiece. However, with the exception of a brief flirtation from the 1960s to ‘80s with modernism and post-modernism, in the 1990s the university resumed building, (almost slavishly) in the collegiate Gothic mode. The best of the most recent buildings include Weinstein Hall (which houses the political science department) by SMBW.

E.S.

The Carillon

Architects: Cram and Ferguson, with Carneal, Johnston and Wright, associate architect.
Date: 1931
Address: Blanton Avenue in Byrd Park.

During World War I, many European towns promised to silence the bells of their town halls and churches until victory over Germany. When peace finally did occur in November 1919, bells all over northern Europe peeled out—an especially happy sound to American troops who were part of the Allied forces. This was the spirit in which a carillon (or bell tower) was the chosen building type to serve as a memorial to Virginia’s dead of World War I (other states built similar memorials). Although a proposal for a memorial by architect Paul Cret of Philadelphia, in association with Richmond architect Marcellus E. Wright, had been selected previously, the War Memorial Commission scrapped that concept and awarded the commission to the Boston firm of Cram and Ferguson. Work by architect Ralph Adams Cram was already known locally as he had designed campus plan and first buildings (in his characteristic Gothic Revival form) Westhampton at University of Richmond and a much smaller commission for redesign of the apse and alter at St. James’s Episcopal Church.The 200-foot-tall, red brick and sandstone Carillon tower is designed in Renaissance Revival form in the spirit of Christopher Wren and rises from a broad, raised podium reached by a pair of dramatically curved stairs. The ground level space was intended to serve as a museum of World War I artifacts.

Although a proposed reflecting pool, extending from the base of the memorial to Blanton Avenue was never built, the mall establishes an elegant, recessed greensward bordered by flowering dogwood trees and establishes one of the city’s most impressive axes.

E. S.